Vulnerability and Vulnerance: Marginalization of Women in 1 Timothy 2:12-15

Authors

  • Daniel Fajar Panuntun Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja, Toraja
  • Zulkifli Oddeng 2Kibaid Theological Seminary, Toraja

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v8i2.841

Keywords:

Feminist, Marginalization, Vulnerability, Vulnerance, Women

Abstract

Did 1 Timothy 2:12-15 serve to marginalize women? From a feminist and vulnerability standpoint, we suggest reinterpreting the text with using Leo G. Perdue Biblical Theology concept. In terms of vulnerance, Paul restricts the role of women for the sake of the salvation of the Christian community in Ephesus under the shepherding of Timothy. From a perspective of vulnerability, women's restriction can be attributed to the issue of inequality, the hierarchical structure of control and subjugation by the wealthy during that era, and the susceptibility of women to be misled by heretical beliefs at the time. The passage 1 Timothy 2:12-15 provides insight into the cultural marginalization of women during that era. Therefore, the present-day Christian community must actively advocate for gender equality by addressing the underlying factors that contribute to the marginalization of women.

References

Adiprasetya, J. (2023). Berteologi dalam Iman: Dasar-dasar Teologi Sistematika-Konstruktif. BPK Gunung Mulia.

Adiprasetya, J. (2024). Gereja Pascapandemi Merengkuh Kerapuhan. BPK Gunung Mulia.

Barth, K. (2019). Pengantar ke dalam Teologi berdasarkan Injil. BPK Gunung Mulia.

Barton, J., & Muddiman, J. (Eds.). (2001). The Oxford Bible commentary. Oxford University Press.

Belleville, L. L. (2003). Exegetical Fallacies in Interpreting 1 Timothy 2:11–15: Evaluating the text with contextual, lexical, grammatical, and cultural information. Priscilla Papers. https://www.academia.edu/35109882/Exegetical_Fallacies_in_Interpreting_1_Timothy_2_11_15_Evaluating_the_text_with_contextual_lexical_grammatical_and_cultural_information

Belleville, L. L. (2019). Lexical Fallacies in Rendering αὐθεντει̂ν in 1 Timothy 2:12: BDAG in Light of Greek Literary and Nonliterary Usage. Bulletin for Biblical Research, 29(3), 317–341. https://doi.org/10.5325/bullbiblrese.29.3.0317

BibleWorks for Windows (8.0.013z.1). (2009). [Windows]. BibleWorks,LLC.

Bunga, D. M. (2021). Eksposisi I Timotius 2:9-15 Terhadap Larangan Perempuan Yang Mengajar. Discreet: Journal Didache of Christian Education, 1(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.52960/jd.v1i1.7

Elmayanti, M. A., & Christnanda, A. S. (2022). Perempuan Tidak Diizinkan Mengajar dan Memerintah Laki-Laki dalam 1 Timotius 2:11-12 serta Implikasinya Terhadap Pengajar Wanita pada Masa Kini. Inculco Journal of Christian Education, 2(1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.59404/ijce.v2i1.31

Gloer, H., & Stepp, P. L. (2008). Reading Paul’s Letters to individuals: A literary and theological commentary on Paul’s Letters to Philemon, Titus, and Timothy. Smyth & Helwys Pub., Inc.

Green, E. Y. (2023). The Ordination of Women: The Persistence of Women in Restricted and Non-Restricted Denominations. Regent University.

Harding, S. G. (1987). Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues. Indiana University Press.

Hasibuan, S. Y. (2023). Kajian 1 Timotius 2:11-12 dan Relevansinya Terhadap Kepemimpinan Perempuan Kristen dalam Menjawab Kebutuhan Zaman. TRACK : Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen, Teologi, dan Entrepreneurship, 1(01), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.61660/tep.v1i01.11

Hübner, J. A. (2015). Translating αὐθεντέω in 1 Timothy 2:12. Priscilla Papers. https://www.academia.edu/24894103/Translating_%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%89_in_1_Timothy_2_12

Indonesia, B. P. S. (2023, August 1). Indeks Ketimpangan Gender (IKG) 2022. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2023/08/01/2042/indeks-ketimpangan-gender--ikg--2022.html

Keener, C. S. (2014). The IVP Bible background commentary: New Testament (Second edition). InterVarsity Press.

Keul, H. (2022). Vulnerability, Vulnerance and Resilience—Spiritual Abuse and Sexual Violence in New Spiritual Communities. Religions, 13(5), 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13050425

Kidson, L. M. (2022). Aussie Men, Roman Men, and Fashioning the Evangelical Man from 1 Timothy 2. In E.-M. Becker, J. Herzer, A. Standhartinger, & F. Wilk (Eds.), Reading the New Testament in the Manifold Contexts of a Globalized World: Exegetical Perspectives (1st ed., pp. 169–194). A. Francke Verlag. https://doi.org/10.24053/9783772057656

Köstenberger, A. (1997). Saved through childbearing. 2(4).

Leimgruber, U. (2022). Vulnerance of Pastoral Care. Religions, 13(3), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13030256

Makanata, J. (2018). Sikap Perempuan Dalam Ibadah Berdasarkan I Timotius. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v2i1.87

Montague, G. T. (2008). First and Second Timothy, Titus (P. S. Williamson & M. Healy, Eds.). Baker Academic.

Perdue, L. G. (2005). Reconstructing Old Testament theology: After the collapse of history. Fortress Press.

Platt, D., Akin, D. L., & Merida, T. (2013). Exalting Jesus in 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus. B & H Academic.

Reynolds, T. E. (2008). Vulnerable Communion: A Theology of Disability and Hospitality. Brazos Press.

Ryken, P. G. (2007). 1 Timothy. P & R Pub.

SABDA (4.30). (2013). [Computer software]. http://www.sabda.net

Sahara, I., Harahap, I. E., & Setiawan, B. (Eds.). (2023). Women and Men in Indonesia 2023. BPS-Statistics Indonesia, 14.

Schüssler Fiorenza, E. (1994). In memory of her: A feminist theological reconstruction of Christian origins (10th anniversary ed). Crossroad.

Shellnutt, K. (2024, June 6). Many Southern Baptist Women Care More About Calling Than What They’re Called. News & Reporting. https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2024/june/southern-baptist-convention-women-ministry-church-calling-s.html

Smit, P.-B. (2022). Gender Trouble in 1 Timothy 2:8-15. In M. Klinker-De Klerck, A. Den Heijer, & J. Van Nes (Eds.), Troubling Texts in the New Testament (pp. 237–256). Peeters.

Smith, P. B. (2022). Gender Trouble in 1 Tim. 2:8-15. In M. Klinker-De Klerck, A. den Heijer, & J. van Nes (Eds.), Troubling texts in the New Testament: Essays in honour of Rob van Houwelingen (pp. 237–256). Peeters Publishers.

Sullivan, M. (2024, March 7). 12 Questions Your Church Needs to Ask About Ministry to Women. Lifeway Research. https://research.lifeway.com/2024/03/07/12-questions-your-church-needs-to-ask-about-ministry-to-women/

Viscichini, C. A. (2014). A Theological History of Woman.

Witherington, B. (2006). Letters and homilies for Hellenized Christians. IVP Academic ; Apollos.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-31

How to Cite

Panuntun, D. F., & Oddeng, Z. (2023). Vulnerability and Vulnerance: Marginalization of Women in 1 Timothy 2:12-15. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 8(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v8i2.841

Issue

Section

Article

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.