Shalom as a Theological Foundation for Reconciliation: Implications for Christian Leadership in Contemporary Indonesian Society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v9i2.834Keywords:
Christian leadership, peacebuilding, reconciliation, shalom, societal transformation, theological reflectionAbstract
Multi-faceted problems require diverse, creative responses from the church and Christian leaders. Deeper theological engagement is necessary to facilitate the work of reconciliation. This article explores in depth the concept of shalom and its theological reflections in the work of reconciliation. To analyze and address this issue, the researcher employed an appreciative inquiry approach, emphasizing that theology must be developed appreciatively, highlighting not only redemptive theology but also creation theology. The study was conducted in two stages: first, an exploration of the meaning of shalom from a biblical perspective; and second, the construction of theological reflections. The findings of this study are threefold. First, theological reflection on shalom leads the church to view Jesus as the ultimate source of shalom. Therefore, the church is called to strengthen the vertical relationship of its members with God. Second, the church’s concrete actions in the world must be grounded in the values of shalom rather than merely humanitarian agendas. This foundation is rooted in both redemptive and creation theology, working hand in hand to call the church toward restoring human relationships and the created order. Third, the ultimate goal of a shalom community is the realization of justice, love, reconciliation, and hope for the future.
References
Arifinsyah, A., & Sofian, A. (2021). Regulation on worship house establishment and implication towards minority relation of religious people majority in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijss.v4n1.1396
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Profil Kemiskinan di Indonesia Maret 2023. Bandan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2023/07/17/2016/profil-kemiskinan-di-indonesia-maret-2023.html
Banawiratma, J. B. (2013). Proses Teologi Praktis Melalui Appreciative Inquiry. Gema Teologi, 37(2), 123–148.
Brunner, D. L., Butler, J. L., & Swoboda, A. J. (2014). Introducing Evangelical Ecotheology: Foundations in Scripture, Theology, History, and Praxis. Baker Academic.
Cárdenas, P. Z., Ullah, P. V., & Schliesser, D. J. (2022). The Role of the Church in Ensuring Peace and Harmony in Haiti. Journal of Sociology, Psychology & Religious Studies, 4(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t50120
Cheshmehzangi, A. (2020). The Analysis of Global Warming Patterns from 1970s to 2010s. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 10(03), 392–404. https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2020.103022
Chiroma, N. H., & Muriithi, K. (2019). Transforming Youth Ministry Higher Education in Kenya: A Practical Theological Approach. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 32(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2019/v32i130163
Darmawan, I. P. A., Giawa, N., Katarina, K., & Budiman, S. (2021). COVID-19 Impact on Church Society Ministry. International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI), 4(3), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v4i3.122
Demesi, A., Kithinji, C., & Kibaara, J. M. (2022). Influence of Individualized Consideration among TCL Graduates on Church Performance in Kenya. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i4/APR22009
Denton, R. A. (2014). Exploring biblical reformational theology as a normative perspective for Christian psychology. In Die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi, 48(1), 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.4102/ids.v48i1.1791
Dunaetz, D. R. (2020). Organizational Justice in Young Churches: Maximizing Fair Treatment of Others and Responding to Violations. Jurnal Jaffray, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25278/jj.v18i1.405
Fosu, J. K. (2022). Biblical Approach to Development: A Theological Reflection from the Perspective of Burkan Pentadic Criticism. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 3(4), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2022345
Ge, X., Kostov, Y., Henderson, R., Selock, N., & Rao, G. (2014). A Low-Cost Fluorescent Sensor for pCO2 Measurements. Chemosensors, 2(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors2020108
George, S. (2021). The Way to Shalom: A Lenten Journey to Peace and Wholeness. Presbyterian Today. https://www.derrypres.org/news/the-way-to-shalom-a-lenten-journey-to-peace-and-wholeness/
Gilbert, M., Johnson, A. R., & Lewis, P. W. (2018). Missiological Research (M. Gilbert, A. R. Johnson, & P. W. Lewis (eds.)). William Carey Publishing.
Grießhammer, H. W. (2022). What Can Possibly Go Wrong? Few-Body Systems, 63(2), 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-022-01739-z
Gule, Y. (2022). A Theological-Ethical Study of Church Against Corruption. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(2), 1910–1920. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i2.263
Habibullah, M. S., Din, B. H., & Tan, S.-H. (2019). Impact of Climate Change on the Number of Threatened Species: International Evidence. Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies, 1(2), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.26710/rope.v1i2.1134
Herwinesastra, Luther, H., & Rostiani. (2023). The Pastor ’ s Role in Effectively Managing the Congregation ’ s Potential: A Case Study in GKII Gracia Sintang. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 7(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v7i1.620
Indriana, I., Asmat Ismail, N., & Rahyla Rahmat, S. (2021). Gross Domestic Regional Product, Population and Environmental Quality: Analysis of 33 Provinces in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Business, Taxation and Economics Research, 1(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.54408/jabter.v1i1.21
Jamir, C. (2024). Breaking the cycle of violence: The church as a space for dialogue towards restorative reconciliation, justice, and forgiveness in Naga society. Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies, 41(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/02653788231225953
K. Bufford, R., Cantley, J., Hallford, J., Vega, Y., & Wilbur, J. (2023). The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) as an Indicator of General Well-Being. In Happiness and Wellness - Biopsychosocial and Anthropological Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106776
Kääriäinen, J. A. (2021). The Gospel of Reconciliation and the Promise of a New Identity. International Review of Mission, 110(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/irom.12384
Kelly, M. (2015). The many faces of religious persecution in Asia. Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society, 36, 274–284. https://doi.org/10.3316/ielapa.876797225475929
Kilonzo, S. M. (2021). Silent peacemakers: grass-roots transitional justice and peacebuilding by women in Kenya’s North Rift conflicts. Journal of the British Academy, 9s2, 53–74. https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s2.053
Koyama, K. (1976). No Handle on the Cross: An Asian Meditation on the Crucified Mind. Bell & Howell Information & Lea.
Kriswibowo, A., Khothimah, K., & Ardhana, R. (2020). Effectiveness of Urban Farming Policies and Economic Heroes in Poverty Reduction in The City of Surabaya. NATAPRAJA, 8(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.21831/jnp.v8i1.30964
Kruger, F. P., & De Klerk, B. J. (2020). Healing Painful Memories through Storytelling Cultivated by Vivid Images of Remembrance in Liturgy: Why the Liturgical Acts of the TRC (SA-1996) Did Not Produce the Healing Expected. Studia Liturgica, 50(2), 134–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0039320720945955
Kurniawan, D., Sasmita, N., & Nurwindayani, E. (2025). PERAMAH: Religious Moderation Educator Model for Early Childhood Based on Mark 10:13-16. Didache: Journal of Christian Education, 6(1), 80–99. https://doi.org/10.46445/djce.v6i1.972
La’ia, D., & Santo, J. C. (2025). Implementation of the Role of Peacemakers in Bridging Differences in Beliefs: A Christian Educator’s Perspective. Didache: Journal of Christian Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.46445/djce.v6i1.936
Labobar, K. (2024). DAMAI Model as a Prototype of Religious Moderation. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 8(1), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v8i1.738
Labobar, K., & Darmawan, I. P. A. (2022). DAMAI Model: A Conflict Resolution towards Peaceful Indonesia. GNOSI: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Human Theory and Praxis, 5(2), 15–27. http://www.gnosijournal.com/index.php/gnosi/article/view/188
Lai, D. (2020). Socioeconomic Justice and Peacebuilding. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies (pp. 1–6). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11795-5_91-1
Lima, J. S. (2020). Injil Sebagai Kabar Tentang Kembalinya Kemuliaan Tuhan Ke Dalam Segenap Ciptaan. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v4i1.169
Magezi, C. (2022). The Church as God’s agent in uniting immigrants and natives: A case from Ephesians 2:11–22. Verbum et Ecclesia, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v43i1.2523
Mangum, D. (2018). The Biblical Hebrew idiom ‘lift the face’ in the Septuagint of Job. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 74(3). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.5025
McDowell, P. (2021). The Irish Churches Peace Project: A Catalyst for Peace. Irish Theological Quarterly, 86(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021140020977624
Mokoagouw, H., Rouw, R. F., & Brown, L. (2024). The Implications of Nahum 1:12-2:2 for the Case of Religious Discrimination in Indonesia. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 8(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v8i1.677
Mundi Mbacham-Enow, J., Alain Tatou, F., Batibonak, S., Nji, A., Fon, W., & Fon Mbacham, W. (2021). Underground Opposition to Wealth Creation in Churches: the Case of Catholic and Evangelical Communities of Yaounde. Social Sciences, 10(3), 113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20211003.15
Muttaqin, T. F., Masbar, R., & Jamal, A. (2023). Poverty in Indonesia: An Application of Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach. International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.56225/ijassh.v2i1.113
Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617713052
Nugroho, F. J. (2017). Pendampingan Pastoral Holistik: Sebuah Usulan Konseptual Pembinaan Warga Gereja. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 1(2), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v1i2.71
O’Connor, A. (2021). Translation and religion: Issues of materiality. Translation Studies, 14(3), 332–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2021.1893805
Objantoro, E. (2014). Pluralisme Agama-Agama: Tentangan Bagi Teologi Kristen. Jurnal Simpson: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 1(1), 61–80. https://journal.sttsimpson.ac.id/index.php/Js/article/view/6
Olson, J., Sarver, R. S., & Killian, B. (2023). Seeing the Harm to Happiness: Integrating Satisfaction With Life Into Restorative Practices. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 34(1), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034221115337
Pakpahan, G. K. R., Nugroho, F. J., Benyamin, P. I., Pantan, F., & Wiryohadi, W. (2022). Pandemic ecclesiology: Church re-actualisation during the pandemic. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7201
Pangihutan, P., & Jura, D. (2023). Ecotheology and Analysis of Christian Education in Overcoming Ecological Problems. International Journal of Science and Society, 5(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i1.621
Panjaitan, F. (2021). The Church’s Contextual Mission to Poverty Problems in Indonesia. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 5(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v5i2.376
Patandean, Y. E., & Hermanto, B. W. (2019). Tema-Tema Theologis Khotbah Yesus Di Bukit Dalam Injil Matius 5:1-7:29. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 3(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v3i2.140
Pattipeilohy, S. Y. E. (2019). Menjalankan Perutusan Bersama yeremia: Sebuah Tafsir Yeremia 29:7 dari Perspektif Teologi Publik. https://www.gpibmargamulya.or.id/storage/wartas/e96J4S0f9W6BLgszqCHFWxve278qau8G94RoO4SE.pdf
Piko, B. F., Kiss, H., Rátky, D., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2022). Relationships Among Depression, Online Self-Disclosure, Social Media Addiction, and Other Psychological Variables Among Hungarian University Students. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 210(11), 818–823. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001563
Rabie-Boshoff, A. C. (2022). Imago mundi: Justice of peace. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(2). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i2.7611
Ronda, D. (2023). Jesus Our healer: Experience of Christians in Indonesia. Jurnal Jaffray, 21(2), 148. https://doi.org/10.25278/jj.v21i2.879
Rosadi. (2023). Tujuh Isu Lingkungan Hidup yang Menjadi Perhatian Utama. PRCF – Indonesia. https://prcfindonesia.org/tujuh-isu-lingkungan-hidup-yang-menjadi-perhatian-utama/
Sastrohartoyo, A. R., Abraham, R. A., Haans, J., & Chandra, T. (2021). The Priority of the Church’s Ministry during a Pandemic. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat, 5(2), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.46445/EJTI.V5I2.336
Schimmoeller, E. M. (2021). On Martyrdom, Suicide, and Christian Bioethics. The Linacre Quarterly, 88(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363920927311
Shavit, Y. (2020). Introduction. In An Imaginary Trio (pp. 1–14). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110677263-002
Shaw, E. (2021). Conceiving the Inconceivable: Paradox in the Thought of Paul Tillich. The Expository Times, 132(12), 517–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/00145246211028197
Simangunsong, B. (2018). Korupsi sebagai Musuh Bersama: Merekonstruksi Spiritualitas Anti Korupsi dalam Konteks Indonesia. BIA’: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual, 1(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.34307/b.v1i2.52
Sinaga, A. (2022). Shalom Bagi Transformasi Kota. STT Amanat Agung.
Smith, G. (2022). From dialogue to activism: How to get Generation Z and Millennials to participate in the multifaith movement in Australia. Social Compass, 69(4), 648–665. https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686211065980
Subchi, I., Zulkifli, Z., Latifa, R., & Sa’diyah, S. (2022). Religious Moderation in Indonesian Muslims. Religions, 13(5), 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13050451
Tanhidy, J., Ndapamuri, Y., Yeremia, Y., & Guild, R. J. (2022). The Church’s Ethical Responsibilities towards Net-Zero Carbon Emissions. GNOSI: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Human Theory and Praxis, 5(2), 123–135.
Thompson, D. A. (2020). Christ is Really Present, Even in Holy Communion via Online Worship. Liturgy, 35(4), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/0458063X.2020.1832847
Thurnbull, R. (2023). John Wesley: The World is My Parish. Actone Institute. https://rlo.acton.org/archives/124330-john-wesley-the-world-is-my-parish.html
van Montfoort, T. (2019). Green Theology An eco-feminist and ecumenical perspective. Darton.Longman+Todd.
Village, A., & Francis, L. J. (2021). Wellbeing and perceptions of receiving support among Church of England clergy during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(5), 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2021.1906214
Wiersma, H. (2017). Martin Luther on Grace. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.335
Zaluchu, S. E. (2021). Theology of Hope Amidst the World’s Fears. Perichoresis, 19(4), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.2478/perc-2021-0025
Zaluchu, S. E. (2023). Church Digitalization and the New Koinonia in the Era of the “Internet of Things”. International Bulletin of Mission Research, 47(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969393221082641
Zaluchu, S. E. (2024). Digital Religion, Modern Society and the Construction of Digital Theology. Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/02653788231223929
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Ronda

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.




5.jpg)
